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- 08600
- \\Chapter 4 - Concerning Redemption\\
-
- 6) THE UNION BETWEEN BELIEVERS; THE CHURCH AND ITS INSTITUTIONS
-
- (Condensed from the Schaff-Herzogg Encyclopedia)
-
- 6a) The Church
- 6a1) The word ECCLESIA in the New Testament means either
- the universal church of Christ, or a local
- congregation.
-
- 6a2) The early Christian church was at first composed of
- the disciples whom Jesus had personally gathered.
- It was a community inside of Judaism, with peculiar
- worship and government. It was the ECCLESIA; and by
- its name Paul calls it in his earliest epistles,
- whether in Palestine or outside.
- # 1Th 2:14
-
- Its complete name was the "Church of God," or the
- "Church of Christ"
- # Ro 16:16
-
- whether of a single congregation, or of the whole
- body of believers. It was made up of the
- "sanctified in Christ Jesus"
- # 1Co 1:2
-
- the "called saints"
- # Ro 1:7
-
- the "holy nation"
- # 1Pe 2:9
-
- the elect of all ages
- # Gal 6:16 Re 21:9,10,24-27
-
- In the deep conception of Paul every believer was
- united with Christ, and entered this close union
- through baptism.
- # 1Co 12:13 Ga 3:27
-
- The church was Christ's body, of which he was the Head.
- # Col 1:14 2:19
-
- 6a3) The assembly of Christians is to be guided and led
- by recognised elders who are responsible before God
- as shepherds of his flock. The elders are to share
- various responsibilities with other spiritual and
- capable men and women.
- # Ac 14:23 20:17,28 1Ti 3:1-7 Tit 1:5-9 Php 1:1
- # Heb 13:17 1Pe 5:2,3 1Co 12:4-11
-
- 6b) The Ordinances
-
- For a discussion of the ordinances, see the following topics:
-
- Ordinances 5683
- Baptism 5700
- Lord's Supper 5704
- 08601
- \\Chapter 4 - Concerning Redemption\\
-
- 7) Eschatology (Death, and the State of the Soul after Death)
-
- 7a) The different forms of expression by which death is
- described in the Scriptures.
-
- Departure out of this world
- # 2Ti 4:6
-
- Going the way of all the earth
- # Jos 23:14
-
- Gathered to one's fathers
- # Jud 2:10
-
- Gathered to one's people
- # De 32:50
-
- Dissolving the earthly house of this tabernacle
- # 2Co 5:1
-
- Returning to the dust
- # Ec 12:7
-
- Sleep
- # Joh 11:11
-
- Giving up the ghost or spirit
- # Ac 5:10
-
- Absent from the body and present with the Lord
- # 2Co 5:8
-
- Sleeping in Jesus
- # 1Th 4:14 Ec 12:7
-
- 7b) The relation of death to sin.
-
- The entire penalty of the law, including all the
- spiritual, physical, and eternal penal consequences of
- sin, is called death in the Scripture.
- # Ge 2:17 Ro 5:12
-
- This included natural death
- # Ro 5:13,14
-
- When Christ bore the penalty of the law, it was
- necessary for him to die
- # Heb 9:22
-
- 7c) Why do the justified die?
-
- It is made necessary from the present constitution of
- the body, while it is to both body and soul the gateway
- of heaven. The sting and fear of death are taken away.
- # 1Co 15:55-57 Heb 2:15
-
- They die "in the Lord"
- # Re 14:13
-
- and shall at last be completely delivered from its power
- # 1Co 15:26
-
- 7d) Immateriality of the soul. Its continual existence after death.
-
- The entire range of human experience fails to make us
- acquainted with a single instance of the annihilation of
- matter. Material BODIES, organised or chemically
- compounded, constantly come into existence and in turn
- pass away, yet never through annihilation but simply
- from the dissolution of that relation which these parts
- had temporarily sustained to each other. Spirit,
- however, is essentially simple and single, and therefore
- incapable of that dissolution of parts to which material
- bodies are subject. We infer, therefore, that spirits
- are immortal, since they cannot be subject to that only
- form of death of which we have any knowledge.
-
- 7e) Argument derived from its imperfect development in this world.
-
- In every department of organised life every individual
- creature, in its normal state, tends to grow toward
- condition of complete development, which is the
- perfection of its kinds. Every human being, however, is
- conscious that in this life he never attains that
- completeness which the Creator contemplated in the ideal
- of his type. He has faculties undeveloped, capacities
- unfulfilled, natural desires unsatisfied. He knows that
- he was designed to be much more than he is and to fill a
- much higher sphere.
-
- 7f) Argument derived from the distributive justice of God.
-
- It is a judgment of reason, and a fundamental Bible
- doctrine that moral good is associated with happiness,
- and moral evil with misery, by the unchangeable nature
- and purpose of God. But history establishes the fact
- that this life is not a state of retribution, here
- wickedness is often associated with prosperity, moral
- excellence with sorrow. We hence conclude that there is
- a future state where everything inconsistent with the
- justice of God shall be adjusted.
- See passage "Ps 73:1"
-
- 7g) Conscience points to a future state.
-
- Conscience is the voice of God in the soul, witnessing
- to our sinfulness, God's essential justice. The
- characteristic testimony of the human conscience has
- always been in accordance with the word of God, that,
- "after death comes the judgment."
-
- 7h) Confirmed by the general consent of mankind.
-
- This has been the universal faith of all men, of all
- nations, and in all ages. Universal consent, like every
- universal effect, must be referred to an equally
- universal cause, and this consent, uniform among men
- differing in every other possible respect, can be
- referred to no common origin other than the constitution
- of man's common nature, which is the testimony of his
- Maker.
-
- 7i) The Old Testament teaches the same distinction between
- body and soul that is taught in the New Testament.
- # Ge 1:26,27 2:7 Ec 12:7
-
- 7j) Our Saviour's argument
- # Lu 20:37,38
-
- 7k) Old Testament passages implying a state of blessedness
- after death
- # Nu 23:10 Job 19:26,27 Ps 16:9-11 17:15 49:14,15 73:24-26
- # Isa 25:8 26:19 Da 12:2,3,13 Ho 13:14
-
- 7l) Teaching of the New Testament
- # Lu 23:43 2Co 5:6-8 Php 1:23,24 Lu 16:23,24 Jude 1:5-7
- 08602
- \\Chapter 4 - Concerning Redemption\\
-
- 7b) The Resurrection
-
- 7b1) The Greek Word is ANASTASIS, which signifies "a
- raising up." It is used Scripture to designate the
- future general raising, by the power of God, of the
- bodies of all men from the sleep of death.
-
- 7b2) Old Testament passages.
- # Job 19:25-27 Ps 49:15 Isa 26:19 Da 12:1-3
-
- 7b3) New Testament passages.
- # Mt 27:52,53 Joh 5:28,29 6:39 Ac 2:25-34 13:34
- # Ro 8:11,22,23 1Co 15:1-58 Php 3:20,21 1Th 4:13-17
-
- 7b4) The body to rise again
- # Php 3:21 1Co 15:53,54 Joh 5:28 1Th 4:13-17
- # 1Co 6:15 Joh 20:27
-
- 7b5) The nature of the resurrection body
-
- 7b5a) It is to be spiritual
- # 1Co 15:44
-
- 7b5b) Like Christ's body
- # Php 3:21
-
- 7b5c) Glorious, powerful, and incorruptible
- # 1Co 15:54
-
- 7b5d) It shall never die
- # Re 21:4
-
- 7b5e) Never to be given in marriage
- # Mt 22:30
-
- 7b6) The resurrection of Christ secures and illustrates
- that of his people
-
- 7b6a) Because his resurrection seals and consummates
- his redemptive power, and the redemption of
- our bodies
- # Ro 3:23
-
- 7b6b) Because of our federal and vital union with Christ.
- # 1Co 15:21,22 1Th 4:14
-
- 7b6c) Because of his Spirit who dwells in us
- # Ro 8:11
-
- making our bodies his members.
- # 1Co 6:15
-
- 7b6d) Because Christ by covenant is Lord both of the
- living and the dead.
- # Ro 14:9
-
- This same vital union causes the resurrection
- of the believer to be similar to, as well as
- consequent upon, that of Christ.
- # 1Co 15:49 Php 3:21 1Jo 3:2
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- \\Chapter 4 - Concerning Redemption\\
-
- 7c) The Second Advent and the General Judgment
-
- 7c1) The meaning of the expression, "the coming" or "the
- day of the Lord," as used in both the Old and New
- Testaments.
-
- 7c1a) For any special manifestation of God's presence
- # Isa 13:6 Jer 46:10 Joh 14:18,23
-
- 7c1b) By way of eminence
-
- a. In the Old Testament, for the coming of
- Christ in the flesh, and the abrogation of
- the Jewish economy.
- # Mal 3:2 4:5
-
- b. In the New Testament, for the second and
- final coming of Christ.
-
- 7c2) The several terms referring to this last great event are:--
-
- 7c2a) His "revelation"
- # 1Co 1:7 2Th 1:7 1Pe 1:7,13 4:13
-
- 7c2b) "Presence," "coming."
- # Mt 24:3,27,37,39 1Co 15:23 1Th 2:19 3:13 4:15 5:23
- # 2Th 2:1-9 Jas 5:7,8 2Pe 1:16 3:4,12 1Jo 2:28
-
- 7c2c) "Appearing," "manifestation"
- # 2Th 2:8 1Ti 6:14 2Ti 4:1,8 Tit 2:13
-
- 7c2d) "The day of the Lord," or a similar expression
- # Joh 6:39-54 Ro 2:5 1Co 1:8 Php 1:6,10 1Th 5:2
- # 2Th 1:10 2Ti 1:12,18 2Pe 2:9 3:10,12 Jude 1:6
- # Re 6:17
-
- Christ is called "the coming One" with
- reference to both advents.
- # Mt 21:9 Lu 7:19,20 19:38 Joh 3:31 Re 1:4 4:8
-
- 7c3) Evidence that a literal, personal advent of Christ
- still future is taught in the Bible.
-
- 7c3a) The analogy of the first advent.
-
- 7c3b) The coming itself, its manner and purpose,
- are alike defined
- # Mt 16:27 24:30 25:31 26:64 Mr 8:38 Lu 21:27
-
- 7c3c) The apostles understood these predictions to
- relate to a literal advent of Christ in person
- # Ac 1:11 3:19-21 1Co 4:5 11:26 15:23
- # Heb 9:28 10:37
-
- 7c4) The exact time declared to be unknown
- # Mt 24:36 Mr 13:32 Lu 12:40 Ac 1:6,7 1Th 5:1-3
- # 2Pe 3:3,4,10 Re 16:15
-
- 7c5) The Judge of the world.
-
- This will be Jesus Christ, in his official
- character as mediator, in both natures, as the
- God-man. This is evident,--
-
- 7c5a) Because as judge he is called the "Son of man"
- # Mt 25:31,32
-
- and "the man ordained by God."
- # Ac 17:31
-
- 7c5b) Because it pertains to him as mediator to
- complete and publicly manifest the salvation
- of his people and the overthrow of his
- enemies, together with the glorious
- righteousness of his work in both respects
- # 2Th 1:7-10 Re 1:7
-
- 7c6) The subjects of the judgment
-
- 7c6a) The whole race of man. The dead will be
- raised, and the living changed
- simultaneously.
- # Mt 25:31-46 1Co 15:51,52 2Co 5:10 1Th 4:17
- # 2Th 1:6-10 Re 20:11-15
-
- 7c6b) All evil angels
- # 2Pe 2:4 Jude 1:6
-
- Good angels appearing as attendants and ministers
- # Mt 13:41,42
-
- 7c7) The moral effect of the Scripture teaching as to
- Christ's second advent.
-
- Christians ought thereby to be comforted when in
- sorrow, and always stimulated to duty.
- # Php 3:20 Col 3:4,5 Jas 5:7 1Jo 3:2,3
-
- Their duty also to love, watch, wait for, and
- hasten to, the coming of their Lord.
- # Lu 12:35-37 1Co 1:7,8 Php 3:20 1Th 1:9,10 2Ti 4:8
- # 2Pe 3:12 Re 22:20
-
- Unbelievers should be filled with fearful
- apprehension, and should come to immediate
- repentance.
- # Mr 13:35,37 2Pe 3:9,10 Jude 1:14,15
- 08604
- \\Chapter 4 - Concerning Redemption\\
-
- 7d) Heaven and Hell
-
- 7d1) New Testament usage of the words. "Heaven" used
- chiefly in three senses:--
-
- 7d1a) The upper air where the birds fly
- # Mt 8:20 24:30
-
- 7d1b) The region in which the stars reside
- # Ac 7:42 Heb 11:12
-
- 7d1c) The abode of Christ's human nature, the scene
- of the special manifestation of divine glory,
- and of the eternal blessedness of the saints.
- # Heb 9:24 1Pe 3:22
-
- Sometimes called the "third heaven."
- # 2Co 12:2
-
- The phrases "new heaven" and "new earth," in
- contrast with "first heaven" and "first
- earth," refer to some unexplained change by
- which God will revolutionise our portion of
- the physical universe, cleansing it from the
- stain of sin and qualifying it to be the
- abode of blessedness
-
- 7d2) Terms used to designate the future blessedness of
- the saints.
-
- 7d2a) Literal terms:--
-
- a. Life, eternal life
- # Mt 7:14 19:16,29 25:46
-
- b. Glory, the glory of God, an eternal weight
- of glory
- # Ro 2:7,10 5:2 2Co 4:17
-
- c. Peace
- # Ro 2:10
-
- d. Salvation, and eternal salvation
- # Heb 5:7
-
- 7d2b) Figurative terms:--
-
- a. Paradise
- # Lu 23:43 2Co 12:4 Re 2:7
-
- b. Heavenly Jerusalem
- # Ga 4:26 Re 3:12
-
- c. Kingdom of heaven, heavenly kingdom, eternal
- kingdom, kingdom prepared from the foundation
- of the world.
- # Mt 25:34 2Ti 4:18 2Pe 1:11
-
- d. Eternal inheritance
- # 1Pe 1:4 Heb 9:15
-
- The blessed are said to sit down with
- Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; to be in Abraham's
- bosom
- # Lu 16:22 Mt 8:11
-
- to reign with Christ
- # 2Ti 2:11,12
-
- to enjoy a Sabbath of rest.
- # Heb 4:10,11
-
- 7d3) Heaven as a place
-
- The Scriptures represent heaven as a definite place
- as well as a state of blessedness.
- # Joh 17:24 2Co 5:6-10 Re 5:6
-
- 7d4) Wherein does the blessedness of heaven consist as
- far as revealed?
-
- 7d4a) In perfect deliverance from sin and all its
- evil consequences physical, moral, and social.
- # Re 7:16,17 21:4,27
-
- 7d4b) In the perfection of our nature
- # 1Co 13:9-12 15:45-49 1Jo 3:2
-
- 7d4c) In the sight of our Redeemer, communion with
- his person, and fellowship in all his glory and
- blessedness, and through him with saints and
- angels.
- # Joh 17:24 1Jo 1:3 Re 3:21 21:3-5
-
- 7d4d) In that "beatific vision of God" which,
- consisting in the ever increasingly clear
- discovery of the divine excellence lovingly
- apprehended, transforms the soul into the same
- image, from glory to glory.
- # Mt 5:8 2Co 3:18
-
- 7d5) The principal terms, literal and figurative, which
- are applied in Scripture to the future condition of
- the reprobate.
-
- As a PLACE it is literally designated by Gehenna
- # Mt 5:22,29,30
-
- and by the phrase "place of torment."
- # Lu 16:28
-
- As a CONDITION of suffering, it is literally
- designated by the phrases "wrath of God"
- # Ro 2:5
-
- and "second death."
- # Re 21:8
-
- Figurative terms:--
-
- "Everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels,"
- # Mt 25:41
-
- "Hell, where their worm dies not and the fire is not
- quenched."
- # Mr 9:48
-
- "The lake which burns with fire and brimstone."
- # Re 21:8
-
- "The pit of the abyss."
- # Re 9:2
-
- The dreadful nature of this abode of the wicked is
- implied in such expressions as
-
- "outer darkness,"
- # Mt 8:12 22:13
-
- the place where there is "weeping and gnashing of teeth"
- # Mt 8:12 22:13
-
- "I am in anguish in this flame"
- # Lu 16:24
-
- "unquenchable fire"
- # Lu 3:17
-
- "Furnace of fire
- # Mt 13:42
-
- "blackness of darkness"
- # Jude 1:13
-
- torment "with fire and brimstone"
- # Re 14:10
-
- "the smoke of their torment goes up for ever and ever."
- # Re 14:11
-
- 7d6) The teaching of the Scriptures as to the nature of
- future punishments.
-
- 7d6a) These sufferings will consist--
-
- a. In the loss of all good
-
- b. In all the natural consequences of
- unrestrained sin, judicial abandonment,
- utter alienation from God, and the society
- of the lost.
- # 2Th 1:9
-
- c. In the positive infliction of torment, God's
- wrath abiding upon those who do not believe.
- # Joh 3:36
-
- 7d6b) The Scriptures also establish the facts that
- these sufferings must be-
-
- a. Dreadful in degree
-
- b. Endless in duration
-
- c. Proportioned to the deserts of the subject
- # Mt 10:15 Lu 12:47,48
-
- "FOR GOD SO LOVED THE WORLD, THAT HE GAVE HIS ONLY BEGOTTEN
- SON, THAT WHOSOEVER BELIEVETH IN HIM SHOULD NOT PERISH, BUT
- HAVE EVERLASTING LIFE"
- John 3:16
-
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